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    Timeline References

    AAMC, AAHC approve merger agreement. News release. AAMC. January 20, 2022. https://www.aamc.org/news/press-releases/aamc-aahc-approve-merger-agreement

    AAMC. AAMC recommendations for Covid-19 testing: the current state and the way forward. Published October 22, 2020. Accessed December 10, 2025. https://www.aamc.org/covidroadmap/testing

    AAMC. AAMC releases strategic plan for a healthier future. News release. Oct. 27, 2020. https://www.aamc.org/news/press-releases/aamc-releases-strategic-plan-healthier-future

    AAMC. AAMC statement on inclusion of physician training support in year-end legislation. News release. Dec. 21, 2020. https://www.aamc.org/news/press-releases/aamc-statement-inclusion-physician-training-support-year-end-legislation

    AAMC. Alpha Omega Alpha Robert J. Glaser Distinguished Teacher Awards. Accessed October 28, 2025. https://www.aamc.org/about-us/aamc-awards/aoa-glaser-distinguished-teacher

    AAMC Annual Meeting Programs. Mary H. Littlemeyer Archives, AAMC.

    AAMC Annual Reports. 1962-2015. Mary H. Littlemeyer Archives, AAMC.

    AAMC. FIRST (Financial Information, Resources, Services, and Tools). Accessed November 7, 2025. https://students-residents.aamc.org/financial-aid

    AAMC Governance and Policy Archives Database. Mary H. Littlemeyer Archives, AAMC.

    AAMC. Impact of COVID-19 on Medical School Operations: An Examination of Select Findings From the AAMC COVID-19 Response Dashboard. July 2021. https://www.aamc.org/media/55661/download?attachment

    AAMC. Industry Funding of Medical Education: Report of an AAMC Task Force. AAMC; 2008.

    AAMC, NMA announce action collaborative on Black men in medicine. News release. AAMC. Aug. 3, 2020. https://www.aamc.org/news/press-releases/aamc-nma-announce-action-collaborative-black-men-medicine

    AAMC Oral Histories. Mary H. Littlemeyer Archives, AAMC.

    AAMC. Reflections on Diversity and Inclusion in Academic Medicine: Commemorating Dr. Herbert W. Nickens’ Legacy. AAMC; 2014.

    AAMC. Report of the AAMC Task Force on Expanding Opportunities in Medicine for Blacks and Other Minorities. AAMC; 1970.

    AAMC Reporter. Mary H. Littlemeyer Archives, AAMC.

    AAMC. Resolutions from the AAMC Proceedings, 1876-1949. [1950]. Accessed December 17, 2025. https://www.aamc.org/media/14251/download

    AAMC. Spencer Foreman Award for Outstanding Community Engagement. Accessed October 28, 2025. https://www.aamc.org/about-us/aamc-awards/spencer-foreman

    AAMC Statement on HR. 19246 The National Health Service Corps Act of 1970. News release. AAMC. November 25, 1970. 

    AAMC. The Fundamental Role of Arts and Humanities in Medical Education. Accessed December 9, 2025. https://www.aamc.org/about-us/mission-areas/medical-education/frahme

    AAMC. The State of Women in Academic Medicine: The Pipeline and Pathways to Leadership. AAMC; 2014.

    AAMC. The VA and Academic Medicine: Partners in Health Care, Training, and Research. Accessed October 28, 2025. https://www.aamc.org/media/25196/download?attachment

    AAMC. The Way Forward on COVID-19: A Road Map to Reset the Nation’s Approach to the Pandemic. July 29, 2020. https://www.aamc.org/media/46746/download?attachment

    AAMCNews. https://www.aamc.org/news. Accessed December 17, 2025. 

    Academic Medicine. About the Journal. Accessed October 28, 2025. https://journals.lww.com/academicmedicine/Pages/aboutthejournal.aspx

    Academic Pediatric Association, Alliance for Academic Internal Medicine, AMDA, et al.  Letter to Senate and House leadership on protection for DACA recipients. Published March 21, 2023. https://www.aamc.org/media/65631/download?attachment 

    Admission Requirements of American Medical Colleges, Including Canada, 1958-59. Science. September 26, 1958. 128(3326):711. doi:10.1126/science.128.3326.711.b

    American Indian Higher Education Consortium. Indigenous Health, Education, and Resources Taskforce (IHEART). Accessed December 10, 2025, https://www.aihec.org/health/iheart/

    American Medical Women's Association. About AMWA. Accessed October 28, 2025. https://www.amwa-doc.org/about-amwa/

    Arnold P. Gold Foundation. About Us. Accessed October 28, 2025. https://www.gold-foundation.org/about-us/

    Arnold P. Gold Foundation. White Coat Ceremony: Background and Significance. Accessed October 28, 2025. https://www.gold-foundation.org/programs/white-coat-ceremony/background-and-significance/

    Association for the Accreditation of Human Research Protection Programs, Inc. About: Our Mission and History. Accessed October 28, 2025. https://www.aahrpp.org/about/our-mission-and-history

    Bowles MD, Dawson VP. With One Voice: The Association of American Medical Colleges, 1876-2002. AAMC; 2003.

    Bunting A. A greater voice for academic health sciences libraries: the Association of Academic Health Sciences Libraries' vision. J Med Libr Assoc. 2003;91(2):155-160. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC153155/

    Camison L, Brooker JE, Naran S, Potts JR, III, Losee JE. The history of surgical education in the United States: past, present, and future. Ann Surg Open. 2022;3(1):e148. doi:10.1097/AS9.0000000000000148

    Clinton B. September 22, 1993: Address on Health Care Reform. Presented to the House Chamber on Capitol Hill. September 22, 1993. UVA Miller Center video. Accessed December 10, 2025. https://millercenter.org/the-presidency/presidential-speeches/september-22-1993-address-health-care-reform

    Coalition for Physician Accountability. Members. Accessed November 7, 2025. https://physicianaccountability.org/members/

    Cohen, JJ. AAMC Memorandum #99-4 Project Medical Education. January 20, 1999. Mary H. Littlemeyer Archives, AAMC.

    Coleman AL, Palmer SR, Winnick SY, Holland & Knight LLP. Roadmap to Diversity: Key Legal and Educational Policy Foundations. AAMC; 2008.

    Cooper JA. Tribute to Dr. Ward Darley. Med Educ. 1979;54(September):741-742. 

    Dandar VM, Lautenberger DM, Garrison GE. Promising Practices for Understanding and Addressing Salary Equity at U.S. Medical Schools. AAMC; 2019. https://store.aamc.org/downloadable/download/sample/sample_id/278/

    Division of Minority Health, Disease Prevention / Health Promotion Section for Minority Affairs, 1989-1990. General series records. AAMC.

    Dr. Susan La Flesche Picotte Center. Story of Dr. Susan. Accessed October 28, 2025. https://picottecenter.org/dr-susan

    Eaglen RH. Academic Quality and Public Accountability in Medical Education: The 75-Year History of the LCME. AAMC and American Medical Association; 2017:276. Accessed October 28, 2025. https://www.lcme.org/wp-content/uploads/filebase/articles/October-2017-The-75-Year-History-of-the-LCME_COLOR.pdf

    Farnsworth TJ, Frantz AC, McCune RW. Community-based distributive medical education: advantaging society. Med Educ Online. 2012;17:8432. doi:10.3402/meo.v17i0.8432

    Finding Aids. Mary H. Littlemeyer Archives, AAMC.

    Hager M, Russell S. Presented at: Revisiting the Medical School Educational Mission at a Time of Expansion. Josiah Macy, Jr. Foundation; 2008.

    Ham TH. The First Annual Conference on Research in Education. Med Educ. 1962;37(8):785-786. 

    Johns Hopkins Medicine. The Legacy of Henrietta Lacks. Accessed October 28, 2025. https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/henrietta-lacks

    Johnson DG. OEO-AAMC grant. Med Educ. 1969;44(11):1082-1083.

    Kahn, Cynthia. Timeline of AAMC history. Printed panels. 2005. AAMC Headquarters, Washington D.C.

    Klain RA. A success not to be repeated. AAMCNews. Published September 29, 2016. Accessed November 7, 2025. https://www.aamc.org/news/success-not-be-repeated

    Mallon WT. Medical school expansion: déjà vu all over again? Acad Med. 2007;82(12):1121-1125. doi:10.1097/ACM.0b013e318159cca6

    MedBiquitous: The Standards Program of the AAMC. https://www.medbiq.org/media/10041/download

    Moss FA. Medical aptitude tests for 1931-1932 preliminary report. Journal of the Association of American Medical Colleges. 1931;6(5):304-308. 

    Moss FA. Scholastic Aptitude Tests for Medical Students. Journal of the Association of American Medical Colleges. 1931;6(1):1-16. 

    National Institutes of Health. History. Updated April 29, 2025. Accessed October 28, 2025. https://www.nih.gov/about-nih/organization/history

    National Institutes of Health. History of the Common Fund. Updated January 2, 2025. Accessed November 7, 2025. https://commonfund.nih.gov/about/history

    National Institutes of Health. Legislative Chronology. Updated July 17, 2025. Accessed October 28, 2025. https://www.nih.gov/about-nih/nih-almanac/legislative-chronology

    National Library of Medicine. Changing the Face of Medicine: Dr. Susan La Flesche Picotte. Published October 14, 2003. Updated June 3, 2015. Accessed October 28, 2025. https://cfmedicine.nlm.nih.gov/physicians/biography_253.html

    National Medical Association. NMA History. Accessed October 28, 2025. https://nmanet.org/nma-history/

    National Society for Medical Research. National Society for Medical Research Archives. Accessed December 10, 2025. https://findingaids.nlm.nih.gov/repositories/4/resources/871 

    New AAMC Center for Health Justice to address health inequities, improve community health. News release. AAMC. September 21, 2021. https://www.aamc.org/news/press-releases/new-aamc-center-health-justice-address-health-inequities-improve-community-health

    New Medicare-supported GME residency positions expand health care access, physician workforce. News release. AAMC. November 21, 2024. https://www.aamc.org/news/press-releases/new-medicare-supported-gme-residency-positions-expand-health-care-access-physician-workforce

    New report examines challenges to growth of American Indians and Alaska Natives in medicine. News release. AAMC. October 30, 2018. https://www.aamc.org/news/press-releases/new-report-examines-challenges-growth-american-indians-and-alaska-natives-medicine

    Prieto, DO, Tarnoff, SL, Hedgepesth, C. Report of the Association of American Medical Colleges Office of Minority Affairs to the Grant Foundation on the Presentation of Regional Workshops to Assist in the Development of Minority Student Programs in U.S. Medical Schools. AAMC; 1973.

    Roth AE. The origins, history, and design of the resident Match. JAMA. 2003;289(7):909-912. doi:10.1001/jama.289.7.909

    Saul A. How social security helped desegregate America’s hospitals. Social Security Matters blog. February 19, 2021. https://blog.ssa.gov/how-social-security-helped-desegregate-americas-hospitals/

    Skinner D. 75 years ago: A landmark bill for American hospitals. Ohio Capital Journal. Published August 19, 2021. Accessed October 28, 2025. https://ohiocapitaljournal.com/2021/08/19/75-years-ago-a-landmark-bill-for-american-hospitals/

    Societies Consortium to End Harassment in STEMM. About. Accessed December 10, 2025. https://societiesconsortium.com/about/

    Stanley B. The wild true story of the first Match Day, and its hero: a maverick ex-carrier pilot from New Orleans. The Rotation blog. March 19, 2021. https://www.onlinemeded.com/blog/a-brief-history-of-american-medical-residencies-and-the-wild-true-story-of-the-first-match-day

    Steinecke A, Terrell C. Progress for whose future? the impact of the Flexner Report on medical education for racial and ethnic minority physicians in the United States. Acad Med. 2010;85(2):236-245. doi:10.1097/ACM.0b013e3181c885be

    Summer Health Professions Education Program. Our History. Accessed October 28, 2025. https://www.shpep.org/about-the-program/our-history/

    Swanson AG. AAMC longitudinal study of 1960 medical school graduates: a 20-year effort in 28 schools, 1956-1976. Med Educ. 1986;61(December):991-992. 

    Swanson AG, Anderson MB. Educating Medical Students Assessing Change in Medical Education: The Road to Implementation. Acad Med. 1993;68(6 Suppl):S1-S46. doi:10.1097/00001888-199306000-00014
    https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED354818.pdf?utm_source=chatgpt.com

    Tabor E. The origins of NIH medical research grants. Hektoen Int. 2022. Accessed October 28, 2025. https://hekint.org/2022/10/18/the-origins-of-nih-medical-research-grants/

    Updated interim guidance for medical students’ participation in patient care during the coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak. News release. AAMC. March 30, 2020. https://www.aamc.org/news/press-releases/updated-interim-guidance-medical-students-participation-patient-care-during-coronavirus-covid-19

    Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis. Virginia Verral Weldon. Bernard Becker Medical Library. Accessed October 28, 2025. https://beckerexhibits.wustl.edu/legacy-exhibits/women/weldon.htm

    Weiner S. A brief timeline of women in medicine. AAMC. Accessed October 28, 2025. https://www.aamc.org/news/brief-timeline-women-medicine

    Whitcomb ME. New and Developing Medical Schools: Motivating Factors, Major Challenges, Planning Strategies. Josiah Macy, Jr. Foundation; 2009.

    Willcox AW. The Public Health Service Act, 1944. Social Security Bulletin. 1944;7(8):15-17. 

    Wink T. Dr. Donald E. Wilson, first African-American dean of the school of medicine. HSHSL Updates 
    blog. February 10, 2020. https://www2.hshsl.umaryland.edu/hslupdates/?p=3942

    Zaidi Z, McOwen KS, Balmer DF, et al. RIME 60 years: celebration and future horizons. Acad Med. 2021;96(11S):S13-S16. doi:10.1097/ACM.0000000000004296

    Zapffe FC. The Borden Award for 1947. Journal of the Association of American Medical Colleges. 1947;22(6):373-374.