AAMC-CDC Cooperative Agreement

A

Arkansas Children's Hospital Research Institute

James M. Robbins

Using the HCUP Databases to Study Birth Defects

Complete

This project will complement intensive state-based birth defects surveillance programs by generating unique national and state birth defect rates and estimates of costs of hospital care for all infants and children in the United States with birth defects.

B

Baylor College of Medicine

Judy M. Hopkinson

Hospital Based Paraprofessional Lactation Clinic

Complete

The long-term goal of this project is to facilitate development and implementation of cost effective strategies for increasing breast feeding duration and the prevalence of exclusive breast feeding in the first half of infancy.

Boston Medical Center

The proposed randomized trial is designed to assess adherence with a newer formulation of iron sprinkles compared with that of standard drops. We will also assess effectiveness of supplementation to prevent anemia in infants at 9 months of age. The specific hypothesis is that iron sprinkles will increase full adherence with supplementation to at least 70% as compared to 40% in our recent study with multivitamins and ferrous sulfate drops.

Boston Medical Center

The goals of this project are to evaluate the effect of breast feeding legislation enacted between 1980 and 2004, on breast feeding duration at 6 months (primary outcome measure) and on breast feeding initiation (secondary outcome measure), across the 50 states and to measure the affect of "breast feeding in public" legislation on exclusive breast feeding at 4 weeks (primary outcome measure) and on overall duration of breast feeding (secondary outcome measure) in selected states.

Boston University

Mary Cerreto

Compatibility of ICF and AAMR 1992 and 2002 Systems

Complete

Diagnosis, classification and the planning of supports for people with mental retardation assist public health practitioners to establish service eligibility and research, organize information, evaluate, and develop plans for the provision of supports for the individual. This study will examine the theoretical and applied compatibility of the AAMR and ICF systems by working with state decision-makers, service coordinators, service providers and people with disabilities and their parents.

C

Case Western University

Louise S. Acheson

Use of a Family History Tool for Health Promotion

Complete

The goal of this project is to investigate the clinical utility of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Family History Tool (CDC FHT) for targeting prevention of common, chronic diseases among adults visiting primary care physicians. The project aims to investigate the effects of the FHT on patients' risk perception and preventive health behaviors and on primary care physicians' responses to information provided by the FHT.

Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh

Phillip Kaleida

Enhancing the Proficiency of Residents in Otitis Media

Complete

The specific aims and long-term objectives of the ePROM (Enhancing Proficiency of Residents in Otitis Media) Curriculum Project are to enhance the proficiency of pediatric and family medicine residents in training programs throughout the US in the proper diagnosis of otitis media in children.

Children's National Medical Center

Eric Henricson

Assessment of Family Psychosocial Impact

Complete

Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is an X-linked developmental disorder that causes progressive muscular weakness leading to death generally by young adulthood. Here we examine psychosocial functioning in a large sample of families (N=1500) affected with DMD to determine descriptive characteristics of parent and affected child. This evaluation includes reports of psychological functioning, coping skills and quality of life using self-reporting questionnaires.

Columbia University

Two population-based studies have shown that low socioeconomic status is associated with an increased risk for developing epilepsy, even when the etiology of epilepsy is unknown. This project proposes a population-based prevalence study of epilepsy in two rural counties in South Eastern Kansas (Montgomery, Labette) where the annual income is below the poverty level in about 15% of the population. The study will identify people receiving care for seizure disorders or epilepsy through review of records of local practitioners.

Columbia University

Willard Hauser

Prevalence of Epilepsy in Minority Inner City Populations

Complete

This study proposes to study the prevalence of epilepsy and other seizure disorders in Washington Heights, New York City and in Harlem, New York City. The study will identify potential cases using random digit dialing, and a neurologist will interview those identified to allow classification by seizure type, seizure syndrome and etiology.

Columbia University

Dale Hesdorffer

Epilepsy Incidence and Prevalence: Washington Heights, NY

Complete

Very little is know about the incidence and prevalence of first unprovoked seizure and epilepsy in ethnically and racially diverse communities. Even less is known about risk factors for seizures and patterns of care in such communities. We propose to study the incidence of unprovoked seizure and epilepsy in the racially and ethnically diverse population of Washington Heights/Inwood, New York City.

D

Dartmouth Medical School

David Goodman

Impact of Family Planning Services Availability

Complete

The study seeks to identify strategies that might reduce teen births and/or unintended births by increasing the availability of family planning services to populations at high risk of these problems. Using four states, data from the most recent three years of the CDC-state Pregnancy Risk Monitoring Assessment System will be used to locate teen births and unintended births.

Duke University

The specific aims of this project are to: 1)develop a state-level version of the Duke Stroke Policy model based on state-level data regarding demographics, the distribution of risk factors, and local patterns of resource use; 2) create several standard reports that respond to the information needs of specific policy makers, for example, legislators and their staffers involved in oversight of health insurance; and 3) construct a web site that is user friendly.

Duke University

Susan Yaggy

Count Us In: Health Promotion for Women with Disabilities

Complete

Project objects are to increase awareness and encourage breast and cervical cancer screening among 10,000 NC women with disabilities; increase knowledge and skills of community health leaders and health providers in meeting cancer screening needs of women with disabilities; and incorporate training on the needs and proper screening of women with disabilities into health professional curricula at Duke.

Duke University

Historically, C. difficile has been a nosocomial infection associated with hospitals or long-term facilities. Patients undergoing treatment with broad-spectrum antibiotics or of an advanced age are at risk of colonization by C. difficile and subsequent disease. Clinical laboratories participating in the FOODNET surveillance network will identify stool specimens from patients identified as having a community-acquired C. difficile infection. The stool samples will be sent to the lab and cultured for C. difficile. Isolates that are confirmed will be shipped to the CDC the CDC laboratory for characterization.

Elmhurst Hospital Center

This project is a prospective cohort study of the effect of a post-partum International Board of Certified Lactation Consultant rounding intervention on breastfeeding at 1 and 3 months post-discharge among urban, low-income, multi-ethnic women who intend to breastfeed or have initiated breastfeeding during their hospital stay. All participants will be enrolled while in the hospital.

Emory University

This is a two year observational cohort study in a racially, economically and geographically diverse population of patients with acute stroke events that is designed to collect vital information that will facilitate the process of improving care. The study is designed to assure adequate representation of black patients to enhance the understanding about the heavy burden of disease in this population.

Emory University

This project will assess and validate the relationship between the process of care and outcome after acute stroke events in an urban minority population of patients at high risk for recurrent stroke and unfavorable outcome. The process of care will be defined by the Paul Coverdell National Acute Stroke Registry quality indicators and other key indicators related to patient adherence after hospital discharge.

Emory University

The ultimate goals of this uniform cardiac arrest registry would be to help identify who is affected, when and where these events occur, identify problems with care, and implement needed changes to improve cardiac arrest outcomes.

Emory University

Out of hospital cardiac arrest is a leading cause of death in the U.S. This project seeks to expand the CARES program from one County (Fulton County) to the rest of the Metropolitan area (EMS Region III - the seven additional adjacent counties including Cobb, Clayton, Dekalb, Douglas, Gwinnett, Newton and Rockdale Counties).

Emory University

Bali Pulendran

Modulating Immunity in Aged Mice with Dendritic Cells

Complete

The immune system is severely compromised in aged individuals. A critical factor in this immune dysfunction lies at the antigen presentation level where dendritic cells (DCs) in the body are impaired. This study will provide a deeper understanding of DCs in the control of immune response against influenza in the elderly.

Emory University

Rani Singh

Interventions to Improve Long-term Compliance and Pregnancy Outcome in Patients with Phenylketonuria (PKU)

Complete

The issue of dietary compliance is of particular importance to females of reproductive age due to the risk to the fetus associated with noncompliance and elevated phenylalanine (Phe levels). The principal investigator proposes to evaluate the impact of comprehensive nutrition and disease education program and social support intervention on dietary compliance and plasma phenylalanine levels, reproductive choices and pregnancy outcomes in adolescent females with PKU.

Emory University

Fragile X syndrome is one of the most common causes of inherited mental retardation, representing approximately 2-3% of all cases of mental retardation. This study is the first step in demonstrating the feasibility of population screening for fragile X syndrome. Identification of fragile X syndrome in the newborn period would allow early intervention therapies to be initiated.

Harvard Medical School

The first two aims of this project are to enhance the SaTScan software so that it can also analyze ordinal data such as cancer stage as well as survival time data. There is an increasing demand to analyze very large data sets with 100,000 geographical coordinates or more. The second two aims are to increase computational speed and reduce the memory requirements for very large data sets.

Indiana University

Marc Brian Rosenman

Estimating Prenatal Syphilis Screening Rates in Indiana

Complete

This project aims to determine the proportion of Indiana pregnancies, in women covered by Medicaid, in which syphilis screening occurred and to determine the proportion of pregnancies in which syphilis screening followed schedules recommended by health professional organizations and the CDC.

Indiana University

Marcia Shew

Factors Influencing Contraception Behavior

Complete

The goal of this proposed research is to better understand the patterns of contraceptive use during the critical period of middle to late adolescence, to understand patterns of variability in contraceptive use over time, and to develop a clearer understanding of factors that influence patterns of contraceptive use during middle and late adolescence.

Jefferson Medical College

Ronald Myers

Decision Counseling in Prostate Cancer

Complete

Proponents of prostate cancer screening argue that screening with a digital rectal examination (DRE) and blood test for prostate-specific antigen is an effective means for finding early, curable prostate cancer. The study's primary aims are to assess intervention impact on participant knowledge, decisional conflict and screening utilization.

Johns Hopkins University

Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is an under-recognized public health problem with considerable morbidity and early mortality. Although millions of US adults have CKD, many are not aware of declining kidney function until the disease is in its late stages or they have complete kidney failure. This project proposes to establish a surveillance system to comprehensively capture and track all important manifestations of CKD in the general US population.

Johns Hopkins University

Repeat non-viral sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are common. African Americans, adolescents and young adults thave the highest burden of repeat non-viral STIs. Recent prospective studies of individuals diagnosed with a STI suggest that even with documented sex partner treatment, individuals who continue to select sex partners from their established social networks are at risk for repeat STIs. This project proposes to study networks in which primary and/or secondary syphilis, gonorrhea, chlamydia and trichomonas transmission is occurring.

Louisiana State University

David Martin

Use of Self Collected Vaginal Swabs as an Innovative Approach to Facilitate Testing for Repeat Chlamydial Infections

Active
Extension

The importance of this project is that if it can be demonstrated that women can self-test for chlamydial infections at a reduced cost compared to the traditional clinic based approach to re-screening, public health programs around the country will be able to initiate re-screening programs as is currently recommended by national guidelines.

Massachusetts General Hospital

Karen A. Kuhlthau

Family Care Giving for Children with Disabilities

Complete

This project seeks to examine the impact on the caregiver of care giving for children for children with disabilities. The PI was specifically examine parents as caregivers and focus on children with disabilities as the group receiving care. The long-term objective of the project is to promote well-being of caregivers and children with disabilities.

Massachusetts General Hospital

James Meigs

Predicting IGT Using Metabolic Syndrome Traits

Complete

Type 2 diabetes has become epidemic worldwide. Control of the epidemic is an urgent public health priority. This study proposes to use existing risk factor data from four large, racially/ethnically diverse epidemiological studies to identify and characterize a subset of the population that should be screened for impaired glucose tolerance (IGT).

Medical University of South Carolina

The US Armed Forces represents a large community of individuals at risk for an unintended pregnancy/paternity or STDs, two negative but largely preventable outcomes of unprotected sexual activity. Few prevention programs have been evaluated for their impact on these outcomes among soldiers. This study seeks to compare rates of unintended pregnancy/paternity and STDs between soldiers who received an education program and those who did not.

Medical University of South Carolina

Michelle Macias

Social Support in Children and Adolescents with Neural Tube Defects and Their Families

Complete

The goal of the interdisciplinary clinical research team involved with this study is to develop, implement and evaluate replicable models of intervention that maximize health outcomes for persons with paralysis secondary to neural tube defects (NTD). The team also seeks to identify protective/risk factors for health outcomes in a statewide sample of youth with NTD, with particular emphasis on stress and social support.

Medical University of South Carolina

Anbesaw Selassie

Population-Based Studies of Epilepsy Prevalence and Incidence

Complete

Epilepsy is a central nervous system disorder characterized by unprovoked, recurrent seizures that may affect physical, mental or behavioral functioning. The researcher will conduct a comprehensive epidemiological study to estimate the prevalence and incidence of epilepsy in South Carolina and determine the etiologies in a representative sample of patients.

Medical University of South Carolina

Anbesaw Selassie

South Carolina Health Outcome Project on Epilepsy
(SC Hope)

Active
Extension

To increase our knowledge of the factors that contribute to disparities in outcomes of epilepsy care, the Department of Biometry and Epidemiology at the Medical University of South Carolina proposes a community-based participatory research to determine the relationship between socioeconomic factors, access to and patterns of medical care, and health outcome among people with epilepsy.

Michigan State University

The accessibility of international transportation, the mobility of our society and the global scale of business have combined to create a population that travels more often and more widely than at any other time in history. International travel broadens perspectives and opens opportunities, but also brings with it the risk of illness. In some cases, the illness may be one that would not be encountered in the United States. The goal of this project is to provide instructional tools on travel medicine appropriate for medical students and other health professionals.

New York University

Martin Blaser

Psychosocial Aspects of Bioterrorism: Education for Readiness and Response

Complete

The New York University School of Medicine proposes to plan, develop, implement and evaluate a model educational program to teach the psychosocial aspects of bioterrorism preparedness and response, the need for which was made evident by the events of September 11th and the subsequent anthrax attacks.

New York University

The New York University School of Medicine proposes to expand and disseminate its successful model educational program to teach the psychosocial aspects of bioterrorism preparedness and response for physicians. The curriculum developed during the first funded project will be adapted, in partnership with NYU and Yale Faculty nurses, to serve the distinctive needs of clinical and public health nurses.

New York University

The New York University School of Medicine proposes to address the still unmet need, even after 9/11 and Katrina, of communities impacted by disaster or bioterrorist attack for first providers and health practitioners who are trained to recognize, triage, manage or refer victims suffering from related psychosocial problems. The project plans to find more powerful means to market our work to reach the providers who need it now in the Gulf area and will need it in the future.

Northwestern University

Todd Lee

Pneumococcal Pneumonia in VA Patients with Lung Disease

Complete

The objective of this study is to determine the risk and impact of pneumococcal pneumonia in adult Veterans Health Administration (VA) patients with asthma compared to a high risk group (patients with COPD) and the general population. The study will compare rates of pneumococcal pneumonia, healthcare utilization, hospital mortality and length of stay among the study groups.

Oregon Health and Sciences University

Sonia Buist

Occupational COPD in Kaiser Permanente Northwest

Complete

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a major public health problem, affecting over 16 million people in the US and is the fourth leading cause of mortality and the only major disease for which both prevalence and mortality are increasing. The researcher plans to conduct a population-based survey and case-control study to evaluate the work-relatedness of COPD among individuals aged 35 years and older who are a member of a large health maintenance organization.

Oregon Health and Sciences University

This project has two key objectives: 1) develop, implement and evaluate curriculum to appropriate use for primary care residents; and 2) increase adherence to national guidelines for antibiotic use among primary care residents and faculty, thereby reducing the national public health crisis of increasing antimicrobial resistance.

Pennsylvania State University

Eugene J. Lengerich

A Model GIS/Atlas for State Comprehensive Cancer Control

Complete

The specific aims of this proposal are to: 1) assure high relevance and integration with state and national health agencies; 2)determine the desired and achievable characteristics of a model GIS/Atlas system for state health agencies; 3) design and develop a model GIs/Atlas using PA data; and 4) disseminate the GIs/Atlas and use the GIs/Atlas to conduct geographic and epidemiological research.

St. Francis Hospital and Medical Center

Lee Patcher

Minority Parenting and Child Development

Complete

This project will utilize the National Longitudinal Study of Youth (NLSY) data set to determine the effects and influences of parenting practices and characteristics on minority child development competencies and outcomes.

Stanford University

Vinod Bhutani

Kernicterus Research and Prevention

Complete

In collaboration with Parents of Infants and Children with Kernicterus (PICK), this study will develop a model for a family-centered, system-based approach to building constructive parent/healthcare partnerships aimed at the prevention of bilirubin induced neurologic dysfunction (BIND) and all related disabilities.

Stanford University

This project proposes to evaluate the feasibility and short-term efficacy of an after school sports program for reducing weight gain among low-income overweight children. The hypothesis is that overweight children who have an opportunity to participate in team sports with other overweight children will be more likely to participate in regular physical activity and make it a part of their routine, resulting in decreases in body mass index and increases in total daily physical activity and self-esteem.

Tulane University

Henry Glindmeyer

PNOR/PNOC Exposures and the Development of COPD

Complete

Project seeks to determine the prevalence and incidence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in populations with various exposures falling into the rubric of exposures not otherwise regulated or classified (PNOR/PNOC).

University Hospitals of Cleveland

Cynthia Bearer

Meconium Test to Identify Alcohol-Exposed Pregnancy

Complete

Heavy drinking during pregnancy is the cause of fetal alcohol syndrome, the leading known cause of mental retardation. Two hundred and fifty study subjects will be enrolled at the University Hospitals of Cleveland from among those pregnant women screened for drug use. Questionnaire data on alcohol and other substance use as well as meconium will be obtained at the time of labor and delivery.

University of Alabama at Birmingham

Little is known about the prevalence and incidence of epilepsy in US elderly. Previous studies have been conducted in the 80's and/or are geographically limited, and thus, not adequately represent this population. The Medicare claims database provides a unique opportunity to study the prevalence of epilepsy in the US population 65 and older. It also provides an opportunity to study the variation across US states. This study will focus on differences between the states belonging to the Stroke Belt region versus other states. The objective is to describe the geographic variation in the epidemiology, the quality of care, and the outcomes for Medicare beneficiaries with an epilepsy diagnosis.

University of Arizona

Robin Harris

Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Detection in Asymptomatic Men

Complete

HPV is strongly associated with the development of invasive cervical, vulva, and anal cancers in women and penile and anal cancers in men. This project will assess HPV infection in a sample of heterosexual men of a broad age range. Study will yield information on types of male infection and optimal anatomical sampling site(s) necessary to design HPV natural history and vaccine efficacy studies in men.

University of Arizona

This project will study the prevalence of epilepsy and other seizure disorders along the Arizona-Mexico border. The proposed study area, based on 2003 census estimates, has a population of 333,562 with 47% estimated to be Hispanic.

University of Arkansas

John Tilford

Health Effects of Congenital Hearing Loss in Children

Complete

This project has three specific aims: (1) Measure health utilities in children with congenital hearing loss using the Health Utilities Index Mark III and the Quality of Well Being Scale; (2)Measure health utilities in the caregivers of children with congenital hearing loss using the Quality of Well Being scale and the SF-36; and (3) Relate differences in health utility scores in children and their caregivers to variations in age at identification and therapies.

University of California - Davis Medical Center

Although the majority of US women initiate breast feeding in the hospital, many quit within the first few weeks postpartum. Evidence indicates that nipple pain is a major reason for early termination of breast feeding The specific aim of this study is to conduct a randomized controlled trial to evaluate the effectiveness of two different approaches to prenatal teaching of infant latch ("baby-led" latch instruction vs. conventional latch instruction) as compared to no additional prenatal instruction (control group).

University of California - Davis Medical Center

Caroline Chantry

Cost-Effective Comparison of Breast feeding Support

Complete

The goal of this project is to partner breast feeding support projects with academic teams in order to perform a cost-effective comparison of breast feeding support projects in California. Such projects have increased due to the efforts of the Department of Health Services and the success of a tobacco tax initiative that provides funds for programs targeting development in children from 0 to 5 years of age.

University of California - Los Angeles

Phillip Harber

Occupation, Airway Responsiveness and Smoking Effect

Complete

This study will examine the role of occupational exposures in producing Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) and in affecting the rate of progression of COPD. Study will be based upon the nearly 6,000 participants in the Lung Health Study.

University of California - Los Angeles

Rita Mangione-Smith

Performance Measurement of Antibiotic Over-Prescribing

Complete

This project seeks to develop a performance measure to be used for external quality comparisons at the health plan level. The measure will specifically examine antibiotic prescribing rates for upper respiratory infections and bronchitis in children and adolescents. Treatment of these conditions represents a large part of the antibiotic over-prescribing problem.

University of California - Los Angeles

Margaret Stuber

Medical-Allied Health Education on Fetal Alcohol Exposure

Complete

Prenatal alcohol exposure represents one of the leading forms of behavioral teratology, resulting in severe and lifelong negative consequences for affected individuals. This study will develop and disseminate curricular materials for medical students and allied health professionals to improve knowledge, skills, attitudes and behavior in the prevention, identification, diagnosis and treatment of alcohol-affected individuals.

University of California - San Diego

John Fontanesi

Cost Effective Pediatric Immunization Strategies

Complete

This project seeks to examine the individual and "bundled" costs, risks and expected benefits for each of client reminder and recall systems, programs linked to Women, Infants and Children (WIC) clinics, and assessment and feedback for providers, with a special focus on disadvantaged children. While this study will analyze cost-effectiveness from a societal perspective, sub-analyses will be completed to determine which participating entities incur the costs, the risks and the benefits.

University of California - San Diego

John Fontanesi

A Cost Analysis of Adult Immunization Practices

Complete

Influenza affects up to 25% of the US population each year and costs billions of dollars in health care, lost wages and morbidity. Economic analysis demonstrate that vaccination of adults is cost-effective for society, employers and purchasers of health care This study will compare data pertaining to the accrued costs incurred by providers in administering vaccinations and their beliefs about the fair market value of their services.

University of California - San Diego

John Fontanesi

Analysis of Cost to Apply Adult Immunization Standards

Complete

Influenza and pneumococcal disease, combined, is the fifth leading cause of death for adults in the United States. This study proposes to describe procedures used by providers to identify high-risk adults for vaccination; characterize and measure missed opportunities for immunization in provider offices; determine the use of the Standards in provider offices; calculate costs of implementing and maintaining the Standards; and describe the current role/activities of quality improvement committees in provider offices.

University of California - San Francisco

University of California - San Francisco

S. Claiborne Johnston

Quality Improvement in Stroke Prevention (QUISP) Trial

Complete

The long-term goal of this project is to improve quality of care for patients with stroke by clearly identifying specific institutional interventions that improve adherence to best practices, to establish an efficient electronic stroke registry that enables ongoing study of quality improvement practices and to raise the standard of quality improvement research so that it is more likely to produce accurate and influential results.

University of California - San Francisco

Elizabeth Ozer

The Implementation and Evaluation of Adolescent Preventive Services

Complete

The majority of adolescent morbidity and mortality can be attributed to preventable risk factors. This study will determine whether an intervention that increases the delivery of adolescent clinical preventive services in a managed health care organization in California decreases engagement in risky behavior in the area of sexual behavior and other health risk areas among adolescents who receive the intervention.

University of Chicago

David O. Meltzer

Preference Heterogeneity and CEA in Diabetes

Complete

The PI proposes to collaborate with the CDC on a series of projects that will examine the impact of patient preference heterogeneity and resulting "self-selection" on the cost-effectiveness of the various components of diabetes care.

University of Cincinnati

Stroke is the leading cause of disability in the US The only FDA-approved treatment for acute ischemic stroke is recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rt-PA). Until recently, the Diagnosis Related Code reimbursement to hospitals did not factor account for the costs of rt-PA treatment. To address this problem, the investigators from this proposal lobbied the Center for Medicare and Medicaid services to increase the reimbursement to hospitals for patients receiving re-PA. Code DRG,559 was later created. This project seeks to determine the impact of the DRG 559 on the percentage of stroke patients treated with thrombolytic agents.

University of Colorado Health Sciences Center

Allison Kempe

Telephone Intervention to Improve Breast feeding

Complete

This randomized controlled trial will evaluate an innovative telephone-based breast feeding education and promotion intervention that will be implemented in a low-income, predominately Latina population. The intervention consists of scripted education and support guidelines delivered by telephone daily by a trained nurse over the first two weeks after delivery and will be funded by the Division of General Pediatrics at the University of Colorado Health Sciences Center.

University of Colorado Health Sciences Center

Allison Kempe

Influenza Vaccine for Targeted Groups

Complete

This study will identify and target barriers to influenza immunization in health 6 - 23 month olds, within the framework of an influenza recall process that the investigators have already developed for children with chronic medical conditions. Study will be conducted in five pediatric private practices in which the study team has previously conducted randomized controlled trials of the effectiveness of immunization recall in children with chronic illnesses.

University of Colorado Health Sciences Center

Allison Kempe

Registries: New and Targeted Vaccine Uptake

Complete

This project will examine the practice, provider and parental factors that impact the uptake of the new heptavalent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7), using a fully functional and extensively tested immunization registry developed by the Colorado Rural Immunization Services Project (CRISP).

University of Connecticut Health Center

Janet McElhaney

Cytokines in Innate Immunity: Effect on CTL

Complete

Studies have highlighted the role of Toll-like receptors (TLR) in the transition from innate to adaptive immune responses. This study seeks to measure changes in TLR expression, cytokine levels and Grz B activity in response to influenza vaccination using influenza-activated ex vivo cultures of peripheral blood cells. Study also seeks to determine the age and CHF-related changes in TLR expression before and after influenza vaccination and related cytokine and Grz B levels in influenza-activated peripheral blood cells.

University of Illinois

Mary Brown

A Comparison of the ASHC and CDSMP

Complete

Over the last several decades, there has been a shift in the health care needs of the American people from acute care to care of chronic conditions. In separate studies, both the Arthritis Self Help Course (ASHC) and the Chronic Disease Self Management Program (CDSMP) have been shown to save health care dollars and improve perceived self-efficacy. This study will compare the outcomes from the ASHC with outcomes from the CDSMP.

University of Illinois

Stroke is a leading cause of disability and imposes significant societal costs in the United States, estimated to be as high as $30 billion, including lost productivity and disability costs. This project will draw upon the Illinois CAPTURE Stroke, A Paul Coverdell National Acute Stroke Registry in Illinois, data and CMS claim data for calendar year 2005-2006 to evaluate the impact of DRG 559 on utilization of thrombolytic treatment, quality of stroke care, direct costs of stroke care among Medicare beneficiaries.

University of Iowa

Scott P. Stuart

Postpartum Depression Indicators for the PRAMS

Complete

The aim of this project is to develop two items for the PRAMS Core Questionnaire that will serve as reliable and valid indicators of depression during the postpartum period. A central goal of the study is to include sufficient numbers of African-American women to insure that the findings of the proposed research will be equally applicable to Caucasian and minority women.

University of Louisville

Stanley Gall

Maternal Influenza Vaccines Outcome Study

Complete

Pregnant women have been shown to be at high risk for influenza-associated complications and hospitalizations. This study will compare the pregnancy outcomes of pregnant women who receive influenza vaccine with outcomes of unvaccinated pregnant women.

University of Maryland at Baltimore

Beth Barnet

Reducing Repeat Pregnancy in Adolescent Mothers

Complete

Although up to half of teen mothers experience a repeat pregnancy and about one quarter a repeat birth, there are relatively few studies of interventions designed to prevent repeat pregnancies among this group. The goal of the proposed intervention is to reduce and/or delay a repeat pregnancy (i.e. pregnancy occurring within 24 months of an index birth) among adolescent mothers.

University of Maryland at Baltimore

Janine Cook

Markers of Alcohol Abuse in Pregnant Women

Complete

Fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) and fetal alcohol effects (FAE), caused by maternal alcohol ingestion during pregnancy are two of the leading preventable causes of mental retardation. The hypothesis of this study is that biochemical marker results and ultrasound findings can identify those women who abuse alcohol and can be used to asses the risk for adverse fetal alcohol-related effects.

University of Maryland at Baltimore

Jon Mark Hirshon

Unexplained Diarrhea Sentinel Surveillance

Complete

Determining the causes of "unexplained diarrhea" in both adult and pediatric patients attending the University of Maryland Medical Center is the goal of this study. In addition, the researchers seek to further their understanding of antibiotic resistance and to develop new technologies to facilitate diagnosis of enteric pathogens by examining a minimum of 2,400 stool samples from patients with and without diarrhea living in the same community.

University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey - Robert Wood Johnson Medical School

Thomas Hegyi

Kernicterus Research and Prevention Project

Complete

In recent years there has been an increasing incidence of kernicterus and minor neurological abnormalities due to neonatal hyperbilirubinemia. The long-term goal of this project is to develop, implement and evaluate the effectiveness of kernicterus prevention strategies at different levels of patient care, including the hospital and outpatient setting. The study will include analysis of infant mortality due to kernicterus among term live births in the US

University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey - Robert Wood Johnson Medical School

This project plans to evaluate the effectiveness of the breast feeding promotion program in order to determine whether the maternal decision and compliance to breast feed is related primarily with cultural factors or is significantly influenced by the proposed intervention, and to identify the independent risk factors for breast feeding initiation and maintenance.

University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey - Robert Wood Johnson Medical School

Beatrix Roemheld-Hamm

Understanding Disparities in Influenza Immunizations

Complete

The primary objectives of this study are to: (1) examine the causes of disparities in influenza administration rates for older African Americans in the primary care setting; (2) examine the organizational and community context that supports or inhibits delivery of adult influenza immunization; and (3) identify practice and community specific barriers, challenges, and opportunities related to increasing rates of adult influenza immunizations.

Univeresity of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey - Rober Wood Johnson Medical School

Primary care physicians play an important role in assisting mothers to initiate and maintain breastfeeding, however, many physicians lack the necessary skills to effectively support breastfeeding. To address this issue, the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) has partnered with multiple organizations to develop a model breastfeeding curriculum for resident physicians. The specific aim of this project is to evaluate the impact of implementing this innovative residency curriculum in pilot programs thoughout the US. This evaluation will include analyses of breastfeeding rates at training institutions and impact on breastfeeding knowledge, attitudes and practice patterns of the residents studied.

University of Michigan

William Herman

Community Screening for Dysglycemia

Complete

Clinical trials have proven that type 2 diabetes can be delayed or prevented in high risk populations. Earlier diagnosis and treatment may prevent complications and reduce mortality. This project proposes to use existing data sets to develop, test and validate an empirical formula to screen for dysglycemia in community settings based on age, gender, body mass index, time since last food and a random capillary glucose test.

University of Michigan

Mack T. Ruffin, IV

Family Assessment of Risk Evaluation (FARE) Trial

Active
Extension

The Family Assessment of Risk Evaluation Trial objective is to determine whether clinical utility of standard heath messages from one's primary care physician can be enhanced with the addition of tailoring by family history risk. The target diseases are coronary heart disease, diabetes, breast cancer, colorectal cancer and prostate cancer.

University of Michigan

The key objective of this proposal is to initiate the development of a national surveillance system for Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) in the United States. CKD, like diabetes, is a significant public health problem. It predicts high levels of patient morbidity and mortality even prior to end stage renal disease (ESRD). This project will examine national and local databases pertinent to CKD. In addition, 3 regional models of CKD surveillance based on the analysis of existing data within (1) selected managed care plans (MCPs), (2) the Veterans Affairs (VA) System and (3) a Regional (Westshore) Health Care Network (HCN) are proposed and will be piloted.

University of Missouri - Columbia

Marian Minor

Evaluation of PACE (People with Arthritis Can Exercise)

Complete

Physical inactivity is a major problem for people with arthritis. The purpose of this project is to improve the health and quality of life of people with arthritis through the development of knowledge to support community-based and population-based programs that promote self-management and physical activity in this population.

University of Nebraska

Rhonda Brand

Sunscreens, Agricultural Chemicals and Dermal Absorption

Complete

Farmers and other agricultural workers are at increased risk for skin cancer due to their excessive exposure to UV radiation and are therefore encouraged to wear sunscreens. They are also exposed to farm chemicals. The long-term goal of this study is to encourage sunscreen use and to reduce chemical absorption by agricultural workers and others who are exposed to chemicals while outdoors by finding commercial sunscreens that can serve as effective chemical barriers or to develop a chemical barrier formulation.

University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill

The Arthritis Foundation has developed a community-based walking program, titled "Walk with Ease." The program can be administered in two versions, group-delivered or self-directed. The overall goal of this proposal is to determine whether the "Walk with Ease" program in its two versions can increase physical activity and fitness levels among individuals (age 18 and older) with arthritis over the long-term.

University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill

Leigh Callahan

Evaluation of People with Arthritis Can Exercise (PACE)

Complete

The primary goal of this study is to assess the effect of PACE, a community-based group recreational exercise program, on key arthritis-related health outcomes. PACE was formed in an effort to promote arthritis self-management through exercise.

University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill

Leigh Callahan

Active Living Everyday Program for People with Arthritis

Complete

The PI proposes to conduct a randomized clinical trial of the Active Living Every Day (ALED) program in 400 individuals with arthritis from community sites located throughout North Carolina. The overall goal of this project is to test the efficacy and effectiveness of ALED on people with arthritis.

University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill

Cynthia Powell

Genetic Services for Congenital Hearing Loss

Complete

In phase I of this study population data will be obtained of how many infants identified with congenital hearing loss through a state newborn hearing screening program are having genetic evaluations. Phase II of the study will obtain additional information from parents whose children have had a genetics evaluation and/or genetic testing for hearing loss. This phase will study results of testing, parents' understanding of genetic information and parental attitudes regarding this information.

University of North Dakota

This project proposes to: 1) conduct an evaluation of how media messages promoting physical activity in youth may increase the overall effectiveness of a school-based program designed to increase cardiovascular fitness and reduce obesity in your, grades K-5; and 2) conduct an evaluation of how clinic-based prenatal care for Native American women may be improved by adding health promotion and preventive health components.

University of South Florida

Gwendolyn Quinn

The National Training Collaborative for Social Marketing

Complete

During this grant period, the PI proposes to: 1)continue to update the CD-ROM and Web site; 2) to offer workshops and training tailored to meet the specific needs of health department and others; 3) developing and publishing case studies to use as training materials; and 4)continued development and expansion of the social marketing resource list.

University of South Florida

Gwendolyn Quinn

The National Training Collaborative for Social Marketing

Complete

During this grant period the PI proposes to continue to broaden the audience for the "Thinking Like a Marketer" concept and focus on empowering public health communities and researchers to adapt the concepts and curriculum to meet the unique needs of a variety of organizations. To accomplish this we will rely on developing technology and curricula as well as traditional models of supporting learning processes and attention to adult learning styles to disseminate the "Thinking Like a Marketer" mindset.

University of South Florida

Gwendolyn Quinn

National Training Collaborative for Social Marketing

Complete

This project proposes to broaden the audience for the "Thinking Like a Marketer" concept and focus on empowering public health communities and researchers to adapt these concepts and curriculum to meet the unique needs of their organization. To accomplish this, the principal investigator will rely on a mix of current state of the art technology and traditional models of supporting learning processes.

University of South Florida

The specific aim of this phase of the project is to establish a three-tiered approach for the dissemination of social marketing as an integral tool for health professionals. This approach includes the development of a philosophy to promote a cognitive shift from the traditional ways of thinking about approaching public health problems and education.

University of Southern California

Cervical cancer mostly affects low-income, under-served minority women that have difficulty accessing screening. These women that suffer high rates of cervical cancer morbidity and mortality are also at risk of not accessing HPV vaccination. The purpose of this proposal is to bring together key stakeholders from the South Central community of L.A. to form a Community Advisory Group (CAG) to increase awareness of HPV and the HPV vaccine in the community, leading to an increase in the number of community adolescents being immunized against HPV.

University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio

Shannon Carpenter

Screening for von Willebrand Disease

Complete

The goal of this pilot study is to estimate the prevalence of von Willebrand disease (VWD) in Hispanic women with menorrhagia. The study will look at the usual laboratory tests for VWD and compare them with the platelet function analyzer (PFA-100) for screening women for VWD.

University of Utah

Deirdre Caplin

Standard of Care and Evaluation in Pediatric Epilepsy

Complete

This project proposes to identify standards for the measurement of clinical care outcomes in children with epilepsy and to apply these identified clinical endpoints for use in evaluating treatment. This system of measurement will then be used to detect differences in care and outcomes relative to the level of clinical care received by pediatric epilepsy patients.

University of Utah

John Carey

North American Isotretinonin Information

Complete

Isotretinoin (Accutane) use during pregnancy continues to occur and is an important health issue even with international use of the Accutane Pregnancy Prevention Program (PPP). This study will investigate in 40 subjects, how the patient perceived implementation of the PPP. The researcher will identify the dose of Accutane used, how the product was dispensed and possible reasons for failure of the PPP.

University of Washington

Leighton Chan

Health Disparities Among Medicare Beneficiaries with Disabilities

Complete

The primary objective of this project is to increase our scientific and theoretical understanding of the nature of health disparities among Medicare beneficiaries with disabilities. The proposed study will utilize the Medicare Current Beneficiary Survey to achieve two goals: (1) use WHO criteria to identify Medicare beneficiaries with a variety of disability profiles; (2) identify subsequent health care disparities that develop over time in these populations.

University of Washington

Dawn Ehde

A Longitudinal Study of Social Support Following Limb Loss

Complete

The primary long-term objective of this study is to identify models of social support that can be determined to lead to positive health outcomes (physical and psychological) in persons who have had limb loss.

Virginia Commonwealth University

Sherry Ceperich

Project Balance

Complete

In the US, a high proportion of young women put themselves at risk for alcohol-exposed pregnancy through drinking and having unprotected intercourse. The goal of this project is to test the efficacy of Project Balance and to reduce behaviors that put young women at risk for alcohol-exposed pregnancy.

Washington University

Bradley P. Stoner

Self-Collected Vaginal Swabs as a Test for Chlamydia

Active
Extension

This project plans to conduct a comparative research trial to determine whether the use of self-collected, mail-back vaginal swab samples will increase the likelihood of re-screening for C. trachomatis infection, compared with current standard care (counseling to return to clinic for reexamination and re-testing in 3 - 4 months).

Wayne State University

Kendra Schwartz

Reducing Disparities in Influenza Vaccine Acceptance

Complete

The objective of the study is to determine whether acceptance of influenza vaccination varies by race/ethnicity when patients are offered vaccination in a standardized manner in the context of their primary medical care. The study will take place in six family practice offices that collaborate in a practice based research network, MetroNet, in metropolitan Detroit, Michigan.

Wayne State University

Cathy Simpson

Physical Activity and Learning in Children

Complete

This study assesses the effect of physical activity on learning in children by answering the following question: "Do higher levels of physical activity improve academic performance in children?"

West Virginia University

There is a paucity of literature on the effectiveness of physical activity and exercise interventions for people with arthritis when delivered in the community setting. The purpose of this project is to determine if an evidence-based, community-delivered, physical activity program, the Lifetime Fitness Program, yields benefits for participants with arthritis.

Yale University

Robert Heimer

Unexplained Diarrhea Sentinel Surveillance

Complete

An estimated 76 million illnesses due to foodborne pathogens occur each year in the US Of these, only half are due to known causes. For this study the Yale University School of Medicine seeks to establish sentinel surveillance for acute diarrhea illness at the Yale-New Haven Hospital Primary Care Center.

Yale University

Youcheng Liu

Efficacy Study on Skin Protection in Body Shops

Complete

Workers in auto body shops have extensive skin contact with organic solvents. Organic solvents can induce both acute neurotoxic effects and chronic central nervous system disorders and facilitate the breakthrough of chemical protective clothing by isocyanates which in turn can cause asthma. This study proposes to test the hypothesis that a more protective type of chemical protective clothing can be found from field performance testing.